#9 как выучить русский язык/How To Learn Russian - склонение существительных по падежам-чтобы сделать решительный шаг/Noun Cases-Taking the plunge.

Помощь носителей языка Английский с Голосе.
Helping native English speakers with Golos.

Ok we've had some lighthearted posts. Now a gentle reintroduction to some grammar.

For an English speaker the hardest part of Russian Grammar is noun cases.

Let's first identify them.

You've seen in earlier lessons how some nouns change their endings depending on their position in the sentence. This can occur in English, though it is very rare. However in Russian it forms a fundamental pillar of their grammar.

So let's dive in!

Noun cases are not uncommon. Many languages, including Latin, Greek (ancient and modern) Arabic and German make extensive use of them.

Here is an example in English. Look at these two sentences:

He goes to the baker to buy bread.

The baker passes the bread to him.

Both these sentences are talking about a man, yet they use a different pronoun to describe the man. These are examples of different noun cases.

Russian uses six separate noun cases. In this lesson we shall look at the two easiest.

The Nominative and the Accusative.

Look at these sentences:

He drinks vodka.
он пьет водку.

Vodka makes him ill.
водка делает его больным

Now look closely at the words for vodka (водку/водка) and the words for he/him (он/его)

In the first sentence he is in the Nominative and vodka is in the Accusative. In the second sentence this is reversed.

For simplicity:
The Nominative denotes the subject of the sentence - the dominant thing doing the action.
The Accusative denotes the object of the sentence - the thing having something done to it.

HE drinks the vodka.
THE VODKA makes him ill.

Do you see how, in each case, the capitalised noun (the Nominative) controls the sentence? The capitalised noun is doing something to another thing in the sentence.

If we reverse this and put the Accusative in capitals....

He drinks the VODKA
The vodka makes HIM ill.

In each case here, the capitalised thing is passively having something done to it.

And that is how noun cases work...

That wasn't that hard was it?

Now go and warm up.